发动机起动性能是发动机的重要性能指标之一，直接影响发动机的工作可靠性和使用寿命。发动机的起动是指发动机曲轴在外力作用下开始转动，直到发动机开始自动地进入怠速运转的全过程。由发动机工作原理可知，无论是冷起动还是热起动，起动的必要条件是：必须提供足够大的起动力矩；
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气缸内具有一定的压力和温度；必须提供足够高的起动转速；必须供给浓度适当的混合气；各摩擦表面能得到充分的预润滑。如果上述条件之一恶化，则会发生起动困难。1 低温起动1.1 影响低温起动的因素1.1.1 压缩终点的温度和压力低低温起动时，气缸内压缩始点温度低，向气缸壁传热增多，以及由于起动转速低而引起漏气量增加，从而使压缩终点温度和压力下降，不利于混合气的形成和燃烧。
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